Complications of peritoneal dialysis (PD) can vary depending on individual circumstances. Here are five common complications that can arise:
- Peritonitis: Peritonitis is the most significant and frequent complication of peritoneal dialysis. It occurs when bacteria or other microorganisms infect the peritoneal cavity, causing inflammation. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, cloudy dialysis fluid, fever, and general malaise. Prompt medical attention and treatment with antibiotics are crucial to prevent complications and preserve peritoneal membrane function.
- Exit Site and Tunnel Infections: The exit site, where the catheter exits the skin, and the tunnel, where the catheter is tunneled under the skin, are susceptible to infection. Signs of infection may include redness, swelling, pain, discharge, or fever. Proper exit site care, hygiene, and regular monitoring can help prevent infections. Prompt treatment with antibiotics is necessary if an infection occurs.
- Catheter Dysfunction: Catheter dysfunction refers to issues related to the peritoneal dialysis catheter, such as poor flow, leakage, or blockages. These problems can lead to inadequate dialysis and complications like inadequate fluid removal or fluid buildup. Catheter dysfunction may require interventions such as repositioning, flushing, or even catheter replacement.
- Hernias: Over time, the increased intra-abdominal pressure from repeated exchanges of dialysis fluid can contribute to weakened abdominal muscles, leading to hernias. Hernias can cause pain, discomfort, and swelling in the abdomen or around the catheter exit site. Surgical repair may be necessary to address severe or symptomatic hernias.
- Metabolic and Nutritional Imbalances: PD can impact the body’s metabolism and nutritional status. Electrolyte imbalances, such as low potassium or high calcium levels, may occur and require adjustment of the dialysis solution or dietary modifications. Additionally, the loss of protein through the dialysis process may necessitate dietary adjustments or supplementation to maintain adequate nutrition.
It’s important to note that while these complications can occur in peritoneal dialysis, they are not experienced by all patients, and many can be managed or prevented with proper care, regular monitoring, and adherence to recommended protocols. Close collaboration with healthcare professionals and regular follow-up visits are essential to mitigate the risk of complications and ensure successful peritoneal dialysis treatment. This is why we have labs once a month and hang close to our dialysis team!
Poe helped writing this blog and in making the lead graphic.
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